PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE AND VULNERABLE ADULTS IN THE WORK PLACE FROM HARM OR ABUSE WHICH MAY BE IN THE FORM OF EXPLOITATION EITHER PHYSICAL, SEXUAL, EMOTIONAL OR NEGLECT.
TOT training on SAFEGUARDING POLICY for REGIONAL FORA STAFF conducted by CARITAS AND CRS at Delhi in the Month of January 2023.
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 (1). The most common in 2020 (in terms of new cases of cancer) were:
The most common causes of cancer death in 2020 were:
Each year, approximately 400 000 children develop cancer. The most common cancers vary between countries. Cervical cancer is the most common in 23 countries.
Cancer arises from the transformation of normal cells into tumour cells in a multi-stage process that generally progresses from a pre-cancerous lesion to a malignant tumour. These changes are the result of the interaction between a person’s genetic factors and three categories of external agents, including:
WHO, through its cancer research agency, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), maintains a classification of cancer-causing agents.
The incidence of cancer rises dramatically with age, most likely due to a build-up of risks for specific cancers that increase with age. The overall risk accumulation is combined with the tendency for cellular repair mechanisms to be less effective as a person grows older.
Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and air pollution are risk factors for cancer and other noncommunicable diseases.
Some chronic infections are risk factors for cancer; this is a particular issue in low- and middle-income countries. Approximately 13% of cancers diagnosed in 2018 globally were attributed to carcinogenic infections, including Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and Epstein-Barr virus (2).
Hepatitis B and C viruses and some types of HPV increase the risk for liver and cervical cancer, respectively. Infection with HIV increases the risk of developing cervical cancer six-fold and substantially increases the risk of developing select other cancers such as Kaposi sarcoma.
Between 30 and 50% of cancers can currently be prevented by avoiding risk factors and implementing existing evidence-based prevention strategies. The cancer burden can also be reduced through early detection of cancer and appropriate treatment and care of patients who develop cancer. Many cancers have a high chance of cure if diagnosed early and treated appropriately.
Cancer risk can be reduced by:
Cancer mortality is reduced when cases are detected and treated early. There are two components of early detection: early diagnosis and screening.
When identified early, cancer is more likely to respond to treatment and can result in a greater probability of survival with less morbidity, as well as less expensive treatment. Significant improvements can be made in the lives of cancer patients by detecting cancer early and avoiding delays in care.
Early diagnosis consists of three components:
Early diagnosis of symptomatic cancers is relevant in all settings and the majority of cancers. Cancer programmes should be designed to reduce delays in, and barriers to, diagnosis, treatment and supportive care.
Screening aims to identify individuals with findings suggestive of a specific cancer or pre-cancer before they have developed symptoms. When abnormalities are identified during screening, further tests to establish a definitive diagnosis should follow, as should referral for treatment if cancer is proven to be present.
Screening programmes are effective for some but not all cancer types and in general are far more complex and resource-intensive than early diagnosis as they require special equipment and dedicated personnel. Even when screening programmes are established, early diagnosis programmes are still necessary to identify those cancer cases occurring in people who do not meet the age or risk factor criteria for screening.
Patient selection for screening programmes is based on age and risk factors to avoid excessive false positive studies. Examples of screening methods are:
Quality assurance is required for both screening and early diagnosis programmes.
A correct cancer diagnosis is essential for appropriate and effective treatment because every cancer type requires a specific treatment regimen. Treatment usually includes surgery, radiotherapy, and/or systemic therapy (chemotherapy, hormonal treatments, targeted biological therapies). Proper selection of a treatment regimen takes into consideration both the cancer and the individual being treated. Completion of the treatment protocol in a defined period of time is important to achieve the predicted therapeutic result.
Determining the goals of treatment is an important first step. The primary goal is generally to cure cancer or to considerably prolong life. Improving the patient’s quality of life is also an important goal. This can be achieved by support for the patient’s physical, psychosocial and spiritual well-being and palliative care in terminal stages of cancer.
Some of the most common cancer types, such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, oral cancer, and colorectal cancer, have high cure probabilities when detected early and treated according to best practices.
Some cancer types, such as testicular seminoma and different types of leukaemia and lymphoma in children, also have high cure rates if appropriate treatment is provided, even when cancerous cells are present in other areas of the body.
There is, however, a significant variation in treatment availability between countries of different income levels; comprehensive treatment is reportedly available in more than 90% of high-income countries but less than 15% of low-income countries (3).
Palliative care is treatment to relieve, rather than cure, symptoms and suffering caused by cancer and to improve the quality of life of patients and their families. Palliative care can help people live more comfortably. It is particularly needed in places with a high proportion of patients in advanced stages of cancer where there is little chance of cure.
Relief from physical, psychosocial, and spiritual problems through palliative care is possible for more than 90% of patients with advanced stages of cancer.
Effective public health strategies, comprising community- and home-based care, are essential to provide pain relief and palliative care for patients and their families.
Improved access to oral morphine is strongly recommended for the treatment of moderate to severe cancer pain, suffered by over 80% of people with cancer in the terminal phase.
Organic farming can be defined as an agricultural process that uses biological fertilisers and pest control acquired from animal or plant waste. Organic farming was actually initiated as an answer to the environmental sufferings caused by the use of chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilisers.
CFLG is a strategic framework that ensures children as the limelight of the development agenda and promotes child rights through good governance from the local level. It provides overall guidance to realize and mainstream the rights of children in local government systems, structures, policies and processes. It is regarded as a gift of the government for the children, and comprises of mainly three components; planning with the children, budgeting for the children and ensuring their meaningful participation at all the levels were children are concerned.
The following are the districts and the mandals where child friendly local governance are working.
| S NO | DIOCESE / DISTRICT | MANDAL |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ADILABAD | NENNEL |
| 2 | HYDERABAD | TADWAI |
| 3 | WARANGAL | WARDANNAPET |
| 4 | KHAMMAM | CHERLA/YETTPAKALA |
| 5 | SHAMSHABAD | SHAMSHABAD |
| 6 | KADAPA | BADWEL |
| 7 | CHITTOOR | VENKATAGIRIKOTA |
| 8 | ELURU | ELURU |
| 9 | GUNTUR | KOLLAM |
| 10 | VIJAYAWADA | KRUTHIVENI |
| 11 | KURNOOL | JUPADUBUNGLOW |
| 12 | NELLORE | UDAIGIRI |
| 13 | SRIKAKULAM | GURUGUBILLY |
| 14 | VISAKHAPATNAM | GANTYADA |
| 1 | TOTAL BALA SABHAS FORMED 14 DIOCESES | 214 |
| 2 | GRAM PANCHAYANT (GP) | 229 |
| 3 | MANDALS | 14 |
| 4 | VILLAGES | 221 |
| 5 | TOTAL BALA SHABHA MEMBERS (Children) | 5491 |
| 6 | BALA SABHA RECOMMENDATIONS SENT TO GRAMA SABHAS | 244 |
| 7 | ISSUES RAISED | 242 |
| 8 | ISSUES RESOLVED | 44 |
| 9 | ISSUES PENDING | 198 |
The main objective of this program is to create awareness among the Children in the mandal about the rights and protection of children and to enhance the participation of children in local institutions.
SENTISATION PROGRAM FOR PRI LEADERS
The Bala Sabha members of Kanakal village found out that two of their peers, Rishwit and Suresh, who were studying in the
10th Class , were absent from school, Balasabha members went to their homes and talked to them, made them believe that all the Bala Sabha members were with them, provided them with full support in their studies and made them go to school again.
REHABILITATED 53 SCHOOL DROPOUT CHILDREN INTO FORMAL SCHOOL IN CUDDAPAH DSSSS
WHEN THE CHILD REPORTED TO THE BALA SABHA. IN MOST OF THE DSSS CHILD MARRIAGES WERE STOPPED
In Tegada, Badrachalam, Khammam: Not enough bathrooms for children in their school and bala sabha children identified and brought to the notice of the PRI members
Levelling of school ground at ZPHS, Kusnepalli GP – BALA SABHA Initiative AT ADILABAD THE SURPUNCH OF THE VILLAGE USED THE FUNDS FROM THE GRAMA PANCHAYAT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND REPAIRED THE ROAD AND THE PREMISES OF THE SCHOOL
CHILDREN COULD GET THEIR PLAYGROUNDS, THROUGH COLLECTIVE EFFORTS – CHITTOOR
In Z.P.H.S Chinthamakulapalli Students have sports Skills but they don’t have play ground for long time.Students brought the issue in the Bala Sabha and with the help of co-ordinator Balasabha member gave petition to Sarpanch and Secretary. The concerned officers immediately responded and they prided playground to the Children
Aligning with the priorities and policies of Government and UNICEF Global strategic plan. This flagship program 16 th December 2021 – 31 st December 2022 contributed to all the children especially the most disadvantaged, including differently abled children, children who are vulnerable. This envisaged impact achieved in eight areas. The program was efficiently designed, monitored, managed and supported.
Children learned to Engage and collaboration with the government bodies, civil society organizations and to exercise their right.
Public and private sector engagement for CHILD RIGHTS
PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM VIOLENCE, ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION LIKE CHIDL MARRIAGES ETC.
SHAMSHABAD DSSS, SURPANCH PROVIDED WATER PURIFIER FOR THE SCHOOL AFTER REQUEST MADE BY THE BALA SABHA
Nutrition support for adolescent girls’ streamlined.
Extracted leadership qualities from the children, and children learn to come together and discuss issues
Learn to negotiate and achieve the target that they aimed to achieve.